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Veterinary Reference Guide

Quick reference for normal physiological parameters and blood profiles of domestic animals. Essential for clinical diagnosis and health assessment.

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Cattle

गाय | Bos taurus / Bos indicus

Body Weight: 250-600 kgLifespan: 18-22 yearsGestation: 283 days

Vital Signs

Temperature

101.0-102.5°F (38.3-39.2°C)

Heart Rate

60-80 bpm

Respiratory Rate

15-30 breaths/min

Rumen Motility

2-3 contractions/min

CRT

2 seconds

Blood Profile - Normal Values

Hematology Parameters

Parameter	Normal Range
RBC (Red Blood Cells)	5.0-10.0 million/µL
WBC (White Blood Cells)	4,000-12,000/µL
Platelets	100,000-400,000/µL
Hemoglobin	8.0-15.0 g/dL
PCV (Packed Cell Volume)	24-46%
MCV	40-60 fL
MCH	11-17 pg
MCHC	30-36 g/dL

Differential Leukocyte Count

Cell Type	Percentage
Lymphocytes	45-75%
Neutrophils	15-45%
Eosinophils	0.5-6%
Monocytes	0-8%
Basophils	0-2%

Biochemistry Parameters

Parameter	Normal Range
Blood Glucose	40-70 mg/dL
Total Protein	6.5-8.5 g/dL
Albumin	2.5-3.5 g/dL
Globulin	3.0-5.0 g/dL
BUN	10-30 mg/dL
Creatinine	0.6-1.2 mg/dL
ALT (SGPT)	10-40 U/L
AST (SGOT)	20-80 U/L

Note: These are general reference values. Normal ranges may vary based on breed, age, sex, diet, and environmental conditions. Always consider individual variation when interpreting lab results.

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